近年來，健康問題已經成為舉國上下關注的焦點。根據丁香園與《健康報》社聯合發布的《2019國民健康洞察報告》，96%的民眾表示自己存在健康相關的困擾。今年7月，國務院印發《國務院關于實施健康中國行動的意見》，國家層面出臺《健康中國行動（2019—2030年）》，提出將開展15個重大專項行動，包括：健康知識普及行動、合理膳食行動、全民健身行動、心理健康促進行動、職業健康保護行動等。
中智關愛通與人民網上海、第一財經共同主辦的第四屆“αi優質職場評選”也關注到了職場健康的這個重要趨勢，不僅更新了有關企業健康管理的評價維度，今年更是以“健康力--優質職場新勢力”為主題，關注職場健康。
除了研究國內企業在健康管理方面的做法外，我們更應當著眼全球，更多了解西方企業的優秀實踐和先進理念。于是，我們的研究人員收集了大量二手資料，并嘗試發送郵件給西方國家的一些企業總部，請他們分享他們企業的員工健康管理實踐，很幸運，得到了部分企業的回復。
本文就是基于此次調研結果和二手資料收集翻譯整理而成的。（后附研究報告原文）
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美國
【默克】美國制藥公司默克公司與 “Man-in-a-Van”合作，將健身房引入職場，還包括一位私教。默克公司鼓勵員工將工間休息的時間用來鍛煉身體，鍛煉后員工更有精神，就像喝咖啡的效果一樣。
【波音】波音公司每年會在全公司開展體育運動挑戰活動，還提供健康檢查、健康管理和體重管理項目，以及康復項目。他們還提供健康餐飲選擇。
【奈飛】【領英】Netflix和LinkedIn都給予員工無限制的帶薪休假，同時也消除員工的疑慮，讓他們放心休假。
【博思艾倫】IT咨詢公司博思艾倫重點關注員工的心理健康，啟動了“給一小時”項目，讓員工們能夠享受他們所需的健康情緒。
【Zappos】在線零售網站Zappos提供休息室，并啟動了一個新項目“健康冒險”，帶領員工小團隊參加線下活動，比如：打高爾夫、激光射擊，或蹦床。每周二他們還有工間休息時間。對，他出去到工間休息場地玩耍。
【Draper】2014年被評為美國最健康職場的Draper公司，在他們公司區域內建了一座公園，每月還發內部通訊，展現在健身方面特別積極的員工的風采，將他們稱為“健身超級英雄”。公司每年舉辦一次健康展會，數次行走大賽，還提供尊巴健身舞課程。
加拿大
【美國運通加拿大公司】美國運通加拿大公司啟動了“健康生活項目”，該項目圍繞三個核心展開：精力（營養健康）、體力（身體健康）、活力（心理健康和幸福感）。從公司提供的餐飲，到改善身心健康的活動，都能讓人感受到這三個核心。公司還為員工舉辦健康生活博覽會，有90%的員工參加了2018年的博覽會。此外，他們的工間鍛煉項目--身體拉升鍛煉，在提升員工精力的同時，還幫助員工減輕了壓力。
【SSQ】SSQ保險公司發起名為“健康護照”的項目，為員工提供個性化的營養方案、健康目標（如果目標達成將會獲得獎勵）以及鍛煉計劃。公司還提供更衣室和浴室，這樣員工可以在工間休息時鍛煉身體，回來工作時依舊神清氣爽。
【新不倫瑞克電力】新不倫瑞克電力公司采用“全面健康”的框架，關注員工的身體、心理、工作、生活這幾方面，集合在一起成為員工的“全面健康”。該項目獲得了公司高管們的全力支持，并計劃開展對外宣傳。公司目前采取保持策略，繼續提升員工的心理健康意識。
英國
【德勤】英國在改善員工健康方面的發展相對比較慢，但是很多英國企業已經開始實施健康計劃。
四大會計事務所之一的德勤于2014年6月針對他們英國分公司推出了“靈活工作”項目。該項目允許員工選擇工作時間和工作地點。項目為德勤節省了一大筆費用：不但節省了辦公空間租賃費用，還節省了員工培訓的費用，因為員工不用再在一個嚴格的工作環境下工作。德勤發現彈性工作時間和地點通常能讓員工花更多的時間在工作上，而且員工對雇主還會心存感激。
【英國石油】英國石油公司設置了一百萬步挑戰活動，如果員工的智能手環上顯示他們步行的數目達到了一百萬步，就能獲得更優惠的健康保險。這項挑戰活動起效了，在一年的時間內，他們的員工走路步數達到了230億步。
【野村證券】英國2018最健康大型工作場所是野村證券，一家日本的金融服務集團。他們的核心理念是“員工是野村集團最大的資產。”現在，野村最大的項目之一是支持更多女性進入職場。為了實現這個目標，野村啟動了兩項員工網絡：野村的女性（WIN），以及生活&家庭（L&F）。在過去的8年中，野村的女性員工數量和女性員工留任率均緩步增長。野村還推進了一項兒童保育支持計劃，讓更多的員工可以便捷使用該項服務，與2011年相比，該項服務的使用率翻了一倍。
【惠康基金會】英國的一家科研基金會--惠康基金會，在職場配備了冥想室、內部按摩師，甚至還有一間理發室。他們還為所有員工提供免費的健身卡。今年，威爾康基金會準備實行一周四天的工作制，這是因為小范圍的研究表明，這能大幅減輕壓力，同時讓工作質量和成果保持在一個合宜的水平。該計劃原本將在更大范圍內實行，但公司層面后來取消了這個計劃，稱這對一小部分員工不公平。不過，根據美國人力資源研究協會2018年的調查，英國現在有12%的企業實行一周四天的工作制。
【Gerald Eve】在Vitality Britain的最健康職場調研中被評為“最健康新晉企業”的Gerald Eve，為他們公司的所有員工提供健身房會員卡，還在午餐時間開設員工“跑步俱樂部”。
【Tideway】承包公司Tideway定期請當地的醫生和牙醫為員工就診，員工無需預約即可就診，以此幫助員工保持健康。他們還提供健身房會員卡，組織體育活動讓員工參加。他們的職場還提供瑜伽和普拉提課程，以及頸部按摩。為慈善活動或者學校活動做志愿者的員工可以獲得休假。他們的總部還配有多種安靜的空間、信仰室、不分性別的公用廁所。
【Prime People】專業招聘機構Prime People近期翻新了辦公室，為員工配備了人體工學椅/站立式辦公桌，以及專為護眼而設計的電腦顯示器。公司還放置了有助于凈化空氣的植物，比如虎尾蘭和垂葉榕。辦公空間的設計讓更多的自然光可以照進室內，此外，室內使用“LC Horizon”燈，幫助員工減輕眼睛的疲勞。這些燈可以根據不同房間容納的人數多少變化光線。
其他歐洲國家
【保時捷】保時捷在德國萊比錫的汽車廠用符合人體工學的紅綠燈等級系統進行區域劃分。這樣經理可以分配每小時的換班，使員工從一個站轉換到另外一個站，花最少的時間在對健康不好的區域，使員工能做新的事情，保持大腦清醒和健康。
【寶馬】寶馬在歐洲的最大工廠位于巴伐利亞州的丁戈爾芬，這家工廠讓員工使用“協作機器人”做那些對體力要求很高的工作，延長員工的工作年限。
【泰諾健】意大利切塞納的泰諾健山莊是公認的世界上最健康的總部，所以他們提供那么多內部健康服務也不足為奇了。在辦公室主樓外就是員工健身房和spa。健身房里有你在一般的健身房里能看到的所有健身設施，而且還有私教，如果有員工能給其他員工上鍛煉的課程，比如太極，他就可以成為“健康大使”。此外，還配有一個完善的餐廳，在里面吃一頓營養豐富的正餐只需要7元人民幣。在他們的咖啡館里，員工坐在健身球椅上，有充足的自然光照進來。
調研總結&健康管理實施建議
我們發現，上述大部分公司都是非常富有的公司，要么有足夠的錢可以花在任何事情上，要么把錢用在最重要的方面。當你將他們的項目運用到你的公司時，很重要的一點是找到高性價比的解決方案。
大多數企業沒有錢或場地在公司區域內建一個田徑場，但是可以提供內部食物選擇。問題是養成健康的習慣所需要花的費用。健康食物通常比替代食物貴，替代食物對身體不好，但是便宜。
有些員工活動舉辦較方便，而且幾乎不花公司什么錢，行走步數挑戰或其他小型的挑戰活動可以讓你的員工保持身心健康。
如果你的公司附近有健身房，可以考慮為員工提供健身會員卡；如果你的公司附近有公園，可以考慮在職場配置一個浴室和更衣室，這樣做能激勵員工保持身體健康，因為他們在公園鍛煉回來后可以洗個澡，精力充沛地投入到工作中。
有一個方面很多公司都沒有提到，那就是照明。如果自然采光太貴的話，可以考慮安裝特殊色調的燈泡，不同的色調有不同的效果。提供人體工學椅會花公司一些錢，但長遠來看是很有效果的。
提供彈性工作時間和地點能降低辦公空間成本，同時讓員工感到開心，并對公司保持忠誠。
以上這些是規模沒那么大的企業在策劃員工健康項目時可以用到的一些點子。為了員工的健康，企業在很多方面都可以進行改善。雇主在員工健康方面所花的任何費用，員工都是會為雇主賺回來的，就像西方企業一次次實踐所證明的那樣。
附：研究報告原文
Healthy Project – What is the West doing?
United States of America
Pharmaceutical company Merck partnered with “Man-in-a-Van”, which brings the gym to the office, including a personal trainer. Merck encourages its employees to substitute coffee break with a workout session, as a nice workout can keep workers just as alert as some coffee would.
The Boeing Company puts on annual company-wide physical activity challenges, as well as providing health screenings, fitness and weight management programs, and rehabilitation programs. They also provide healthy eating options at their facilities.
Netflix and LinkedIn both make use of unlimited paid leave for their workers, while also reassuring workers that making use of their worth is fine.
Booz Allen Hamilton, an IT consultancy, focuses heavily on employee mental health, and has created the “Give an Hour” program in order to give employees the embrace of emotional wellness they need.
Zappos, an online retailer website, has a nap rooms and a new program called “Wellness Adventures”, taking small groups of employees to go offsite and do something like a golf session, laser tag, or trampolining. They even have recess sessions every Tuesday. That’s right, they go out and play on a recess field.
Draper, Inc., voted 2014’s healthiest workplace in the US, has a park built into its property, and even has their own monthly newsletter, showing off particularly active members of the company as “wellness superheroes”. The company holds a yearly health fair, walking competitions and even Zumba classes.
Canada
American Express Canada launched a “Healthy Living Program”, built on three pillars: energy (nutritional health), strength (physical health) and vitality (mental health and well-being). These pillars are seen in action from what food is offered in-house, events to promote physical and mental wellbeing, a Healthy living Expo, of which 90% of workers visited in 2018. This program also includes a stretching program for the workers to participate in during work and showed increased energy levels and less stress.
SSQ, a life insurance company, has a program known as the “Healthwise Health Passport”. It offers employees personalized nutrition plans, health goals (that result in prizes if they are met), and exercise plans. It also gives changing rooms and showers, so that employees can workout during break and get back to work still fresh.
New Brunswick Power fully adopted the “Total Health” framework, focusing on your Physical, Mental, Work, and Life sectors, to come together as your “total health”. The program is fully supported by the executives of NB Power and plan to incorporate an external communication. NB Power is currently working on a sustainment strategy to continue raising mental health awareness.
The UK
The UK has been relatively slow on the uptake for improving worker health, but many UK based companies have started to adopt health-oriented plans. Deloitte, one of the main four accounting firms in the world, recently rolled out their “Agile working” program for their UK branches in June 2014. This program allows for their workers to choose when and where they work. This program has saved Deloitte a lot of money, due to savings from less need for office space and from less employee training, as workers no longer have to conform to a strict work conditions. Deloitte finds that flexible working hours and location usually gains increased working time from employees, as well as gratitude to the employer.
The British Petroleum Company, or BP, has a 1 million step challenge, in which if an employee reaches 1 million steps on their Fitbit, the employee receives a more deductible health plan. The challenge worked, as in a year, employees took over 23 billion steps.
Britain’s 2018 Healthiest Large-scale workplace was Nomura, a Japanese financial service group who’s core belief is that “Employees are The Nomura Group’s greatest asset.” Right now, one of Nomura’s greatest projects is to support the entrance of more women in the workplace. To achieve this, Nomura launched two employee networks: Women in Nomura (WIN), and Life & Family (L&F). In the past 8 years, Nomura’s female presence as slowly increased, as well as female employee retention. Nomura also pushed a more easily available childcare support plan, which has seen nearly double the usage now compared to in 2011.
The Wellcome Trust, a British science research foundation, is equipped with meditation rooms, in-house masseuses, and even a barbershop. They also offer a complimentary gym membership to all their workers. This year, the Wellcome trust prepared a four day work week for their entire foundation. This is due to smaller research stating it drastically lowers stress, while quality and work output remained at a suitable level. This plan would have been on a much larger scale than the previous research, however, the company scrapped the plan, citing it being unfair for a percentage of their employees. However, 12% of UK companies currently offer a four-day work week, according to the 2018 SHRM employee survey.
Gerald Eve, named 2019’s “Healthiest New Entrant” in Vitality Britain’s Healthiest Workplace Survey gives all their workers a gym membership, as well as featuring an employee “running club” during lunch hours.
Tideway, a contracting company, has regular blocking for local doctors and dentists for their employees, so that they may visit without an appointment and stay healthy. They also offer gym memberships and sporting events to participate in. Their offices give yoga and pilates classes and neck massages. Workers volunteering for charity or school events are given time off. Their headquarters features multiple quiet spaces, faith rooms, and gender inclusive toilets.
Prime People, a British specialist recruitment firm, recently invested in a complete refurbishing of their office, including ergonomic sit/stand desks and PC monitors designed to promote eye health. The company also makes use of purifying plants, such as Snakey Sansevieria and Ficus Benjamina. In addition to a large amount of natural light being let in, the company makes use of “LC Horizon” lights, for employee wellbeing and to further reduce eyestrain. These lights include a lighting change feature for using the room in different capacities.
Other European Countries
Porsche’s automotive factory in Leipzig, Germany, has been mapped out with an ergonomic traffic-light rating system. In doing this, managers can assign hour-long shifts, making workers rotate from station to station. Having workers spend a minimal amount of time on ergonomically unsound areas is for the best, and keeps workers doing new things, keeping their minds healthy.
BMW’s largest factory in Europe, located in Dingolfing, Bavaria, has its workers use “collaborative robots”, which help with physically demanding tasks, increasing worker life of employees.
Cesena, Italy’s Technogym Village is widely regarded as the healthiest head office in the world, and its no wonder why with how much they offer in-house. Just outside the main office is the staff gym and spa. The gym features all of the regular machines you’d find in any gym, as well as personal trainers, however, staff can become “wellness ambassadors” by fronting classes, such as Tai Chi. The facility also includes a full restaurant, in which a full meal cost around 7 rmb. In the office, employees sit on wellness ball chairs and have large amounts of natural light coming through.
Putting this Information to Use
Most of the companies shown are extremely wealthy companies, either with enough money to blow on anything and everything, or putting money in the most important areas. What is important when incorporating western programs into your company is to find cost-effective solutions.
Most companies do not have the money or space to fit a track field into their property but can afford an in-house food option. The issue arises with the cost of healthy habits. Healthy foods are often more expensive than alternative foods that are worse for you, but ch eaper. Employee events are easy to set up and cost next to nothing for the employer, step tracking challenges or other small challenges can keep your workers healthy physically and psychologically. If your business is near a gym, consider offering a membership there, and if your office is near a park, consider installing a shower and changing room, it will incentivize workers to stay physical, since they can wash up and be fresh after some time in the park.One thing not mentioned by a lot of companies is lighting. If natural lighting is too expensive, consider the implementation of special hued light bulbs, which produce different effects at different hues. Offering ergonomic chairs would cost the company a little but be effective in the long run. Offering employees, a flexible work time and location could cut costs in office space, while keeping workers happy and loyal to the company.
These are just some ideas that a company can incorporate at a smaller scale compared to these companies. However, some of these programs, like the one carried out by Pizza Express, can be carried out exactly as they were implemented. There is a lot of places where any company can improve for the sake of their employees. Any expenditure towards them is money back for the employer, as seen time and time again in the West.
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